Kevin Warsh

THE SOVEREIGN LEDGER™ #174 — AMERICA BUILT THREE CENTRAL BANKS. EACH ONE LEFT THE JOB IT WAS HIRED TO DO. | Part 2 of 2: The Modern Fed, 1913–2026

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Part 2 of 2. The Federal Reserve graded against its own 1913 charter: the Great Contraction, the dollar’s loss of about 97% of its purchasing power, the dual mandate, The Powell Housing Paradox™, Warsh’s first hike and why putting the Fed under the Treasury would backfire.

THE SOVEREIGN LEDGER™ #173 — AMERICA BUILT THREE CENTRAL BANKS. EACH ONE LEFT THE JOB IT WAS HIRED TO DO. | Part 1 of 2: The Origins, 1791–1913

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Part 1 of 2. America built three central banks, and each one left the job it was hired to do. From Hamilton’s First Bank and Jackson’s 1832 veto to the Independent Treasury, the Panic of 1907 and the Federal Reserve Act of 1913: the Hamilton–Jackson argument that still sets the price of money in 2026.